Research Indicates Training Signatures of Multiple Advanced Open-Source Models in China Point to Restricted NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs

Research Indicates Training Signatures of Multiple Advanced Open-Source Models in China Point to Restricted NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs

2026-11-13 18:43View Original

According to reports, the non-profit research organization Unemployment Labs analyzed publicly released large language model weights from DeepSeek, Moonshot AI, MiniMax, and Ant Group, concluding that models such as Moonshot’s Kimi K3 series and DeepSeek V4 exhibit characteristics indicative of training on NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs. The Blackwell chips are subject to U.S. export restrictions and cannot be exported to China or Chinese-owned entities. The findings do not conclusively prove these models were entirely trained using such chips, nor do they independently confirm violations of export controls; the chips may have been deployed in data centers located overseas. Epoch AI estimates that approximately 2 million advanced chips entered China between 2024 and 2025 through mechanisms such as concealed end destinations, while Malaysia imported around 275,000 NVIDIA AI accelerators during the same period.

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